An Analysis of the Distribution of Rights and Duties in Communities in the Face of Complex Compensatory Correlation

Andrzej Stoiński

doi:10.36280/afpifs.2024.1.71

Artykuł naukowy

An Analysis of the Distribution of Rights and Duties in Communities in the Face of Complex Compensatory Correlation

Andrzej Stoiński

Analiza rozłożenia praw i obowiązków we wspólnotach w świetle złożonej korelacji kompensującej

Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, nr 1(38)/2024, s. 71-82

DOI 10.36280/afpifs.2024.1.71 ↗

Issue: nr 1(38)/2024
Pages: 71-82
Published: 2024
Article language: English

Polish

Translated abstract

W tekście badany jest rozkład uprawnień i obowiązków sprawiedliwości u podmiotów nierównorzędnych w ich wzajemnych relacjach we wspólnotach. Analizy prowadzone są w perspektywie złożonej korelacji kompensującej będącej dikaiologiczną modyfikacją Hohfeldiańskiego modelu korelacji prawnych. Pierwsza teza artykułu głosi, że koniecznym warunkiem sprawiedliwości, w relacjach we wspólnotach, będzie ułożenie praw i obowiązków podmiotów zgodne ze schematem korelacji kompensującej. Teza druga mówi, że zwiększeniu welfarystycznych praw pozytywnych niektórych obywateli towarzyszy wzrost praw rządu. Propozycje te skonfrontowano z obrazem uprawnień i obowiązków we wspólnocie rodzinnej i politycznej. U podmiotów w stosunkach rodzinnych oraz w niektórych relacjach we wspólnocie politycznej można dostrzec równoważenie się przypisanych im praw i obowiązków. Są jednak także takie interakcje, w których dochodzi do podwojenia obowiązków u jednych podmiotów i uprawnień u innych, a zatem nie odnajdziemy w nich schematu właściwego dla złożonej korelacji kompensującej. W takich przypadkach mamy więc do czynienia z niedostatkami w sferze sprawiedliwości.

Translated keywords

sprawiedliwość
prawa
obowiązki
wspólnota
Hohfeld
złożona korelacja kompensująca

English

Abstract

The article examines the distribution of rights and duties of justice among entities of unequal status in their mutual relations in communities. The analyses are performed from the perspective of complex compensatory correlation, which is a dicaiological modification of the Hohfeldian legal rights correlation model. The first thesis of the article asserts that alignment of the rights and duties of entities in accordance with the compensatory correlation scheme is a necessary condition for justice in community relations. The second thesis states that an increase in the welfarist positive rights of some citizens is accompanied by an increase in the rights of the government. These proposals are juxtaposed with the image of rights and duties within the family and political community. In the case of entities in family relationships and in some political community relations, one can observe a balance between the rights and duties assigned to them. However, there are also interactions in which some entities have double duties and others have double rights, and therefore, we cannot find there a pattern suitable for a complex compensatory correlation. In such cases, there are deficiencies in the sphere of justice.

Keywords

justice
rights
duties
community
Hohfeld
complex compensatory correlation

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References

66 reference entries

References

Arendt, H. (2000). Kondycja ludzka. Warszawa: Aletheia.
Arystoteles. (1996). Etyka nikomachejska. Warszawa: PWN.
Arystoteles. (2005). Polityka. Wrocław: DeAgostini.
Beetham, D. (2013). The Legitimation of Power. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Beran, H. (1987). The Consent Theory of Political Obligation. London: Routledge.
Błachut, M. (2002). Pojęcie prawa podmiotowego we współczesnej liberalnej filozofii Prawa. Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 1, 35–52.
Brennan, S. (2002). Children’s Choices or Children’s Interests: Which do their Rights Protect?. In D. Archard, C.M. Macleod (eds) The Moral and Political Status of Children, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 53–69.
Buchanan, A. (2003). Justice, Legitimacy, and Self -Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Carter, I. (2011). Respect and the Basis of Equality. Ethics 3, 538–571.
Copp, D. (1999). The Idea of a Legitimate State. Philosophy and Public Affairs 1, 3–45.
Dworkin, R. (2011). Justice for Hedgehogs. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Dworkin, R. (1986). Law's Empire. London: Fontana Press.
Feinberg, J. (1980). The Nature and Value of Rights. In J. Feinberg, Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 143–158.
Fieser, J. (1992). The Correlativity of Duties and Rights. International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2, 1–7.
Finnis, J.M. (2011). Natural Law and Natural Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gauss, G. (2000). Political Concepts and Political Theories. Boulder: Westview Press.
Gheaus, A. (2018). Children’s Vulnerability and Legitimate Authority Over Children. Journal of Applied Philosophy S1, 60–75.
Gilbert, M. (1993). Group Membership and Political Obligation. The Monist 1, 119–131.
Gloger, Z. (1903). Szlachta i Szlachectwo. In Encyklopedia staropolska tom IV. Warszawa:
Drukarnia P. Laskauera i W. Babickiego.
Goodin, R. (1985). Protecting the Vulnerable. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Green, T.H. (1999). Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation. Kitchener: Batoche Books.
Hart, H.L.A. (1955). Are There Any Natural Rights? The Philosophical Review 2, 175–191.
Hart, H.L.A. (1982). Essays on Bentham: Studies in Jurisprudence and Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hohfeld, W.N. Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning. Faculty Scholarship Series 4378.
Horton, J. (2012). Political legitimacy, justice and consent. In E. Ceva, E. Rossi (eds) Justice, Legitimacy, and Diversity: Political Authority Between Realism and Moralism. London: Routledge, 29–48.
Horton, J. (1992). Political Obligation. London: Palgrave.
Johnston, D. (2011). A Brief History of Justice. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Klosko, G. (2020). Fair Play, Reciprocity, and Natural Duties of Justice. Ratio Juris 4, 335– 350.
Klosko, G. (2005). Political Obligations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Klosko, G. ( 2004). The Principle of Fairness and Political Obligation. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Kolm, S.C. (2002). Modern Theories of Justice. London: MIT Press.
Kramer, M.H. (2005). Legal and Moral Obligation. In M.P. Golding, W.A. Edmundson (eds), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory. Malden: Blackwell, 179–190.
Kymlicka, W. (2001). Liberal Egalitarianism and Civic Republicanism: Friends or Enemies? In W. Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular. Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Citizenship. New York: Oxford University Press, 327–346.
Locke, J. (1992). Dwa traktaty o rządzie. Warszawa: PWN. Locke, J. On the Poor Law and Working Schools, <http://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/330T/350kPEELockePoorEdTable.pdf> dostęp: 09.08.2018 r.
Lyons, D. (1970). The Correlativity of Rights and Duties. Noûs 1, 45–55.
MacIntyre, A. (2003). Is Patriotism a Virtue? In D. Matravers, J. Pike (eds) Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy. An Anthology. London: Routledge, 286-300.
Majorek, M. (2014). Jednostka, państwo, prawo: teorie politycznego zobowiązania. Kraków: Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Mau, S., Veghte, B. (2007). Introduction. In S. Mau, B. Veghte (eds) Social Justice, Legitimacy and the Welfare State. Aldershot:Ashgate, 1–17.
Mokrosińska, D. (2012). Rethinking Political Obligation: Moral Principles, Communal Ties, Citizenship. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
O’Boyle, E. ( 2015). Personalist Economics, Justice, and the Law. In M. Oppenheimer, N. Mercuro (eds), Law and Economics: Alternative Economic Approaches to Legal and Regulatory Issues. New York: Routledge, 230–256.
O'Neill, O. (1988). Children's Rights and Children's Lives. Ethics 3, 445–463.
O'Neill, O. (2009). The Dark Side of Human Rights. In T. Christiano, J. Christman (eds), Contemporary Debates in Political Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell 423–436.
Pettit, P. (1997). Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government. New York: Oxford University Press.
Piechowiak, M. (1999). Filozofia praw człowieka. Prawa człowieka w świetle ichmiędzynarodowej ochrony. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego.
Pitkin, H. (1965) Obligation and Consent – Part One. American Political Science Review 4, 990–999.
Pufendorf, S. (1991). On the Duty of Man and Citizen According to Natural Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rainbolt, G.W. (2006). Rights Theory. Philosophy Compass 1, 11–21.
Rainbolt, G.W. (2006). The Concept of Rights. Dordrecht: Springer.
Scales, S. (2002). Intergenerational Justice and Care in Parenting. Social Theory and Practice 4, 667–677.
Smith, P. (1998). Liberalism and Affirmative Obligation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ten Berge, G. (2008). Towards an equilibrium between citizens’ rights and civic duties in relation to government. Utrecht Law Review 2, 219–226.
Thompson, M. (2004). What is It to Wrong Someone? A Puzzle About Justice. In R.J. Wallace, P. Pettit, S. Scheffler, M. Smith (eds) Reason and Value: Themes from the Moral Philosophy of Joseph Raz. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 333–384.
Thomson, J.J. (1990). The Realm of Rights. London: Harvard University Press.
Tuck, R. (1979). Natural Rights Theories: Their Origin and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Waldron, J. (2014). Nonsense Upon Stilts: Bentham, Burke, and Marx on the Rights of Man. London: Routledge.
Walker, A.D.M. (1988). Political Obligation and the Argument from Gratitude. Philosophy and Public Affairs 3, 191–211.
Wallace, R.J. (2007). Reasons, Relations and Commands: Reflections on Darwall. Ethics 1, 24–36.
Weber, M. (1999). Essays in Economic Sociology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Wellman, C. (1984). The Growth of Children’s Rights. Archiv fur Rechts und Sozialphilosophie 4, 441–453.
Wellman, Ch., Simmons, J. (2005). Is There a Duty to Obey the Law? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
West, R. (2010). Rights, Harms, and Duties: a Response to Justice for Hedgehogs. Boston University Law Review 2, 819–837.
Williams, B. (2005). Human Rights and Relativism. In idem, In the Beginning was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument. G. Hawthorn (ed.) Princeton: Princeton University Press, 62-74.
Williams, G. (1968). The Concept of a Legal Liberty. In R.S. Summers (ed.) Essays in Legal Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 121–144.
Woroniecki, J. (1986). Katolicka etyka wychowawcza II/2. Lublin: KUL.
Załuski, W. ( 2015). Solidarity: Its Levels of Operation, Relationship to Justice, and Social Causes. Diametros 43, 96–102.
Zdybicka, Z. (2009). Sprawiedliwość a miłosierdzie w chrześcijaństwie. In P. Jaroszyński, M.A. Krąpiec (eds) Sprawiedliwość – idee a rzeczywistość. Lublin: Fundacja „Lubelska Szkoła Filozofii Chrześcijańskiej”, 123-135

Publication information

Author and affiliation

Andrzej Stoiński

Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-1265

Issue data

Issue nr 1(38)/2024

Pages: 71-82
Published: 2024
DOI: 10.36280/afpifs.2024.1.71
PDF: Full text PDF

AccessOtwarty LicenceCC BY 4.0 ↗

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A. Stoiński, An Analysis of the Distribution of Rights and Duties in Communities in the Face of Complex Compensatory Correlation, „Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej” nr 1(38)/2024, s. 71–82, DOI: 10.36280/afpifs.2024.1.71

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[ref-001] Arendt, H. (2000). Kondycja ludzka. Warszawa: Aletheia.

[ref-002] Arystoteles. (1996). Etyka nikomachejska. Warszawa: PWN.

[ref-003] Arystoteles. (2005). Polityka. Wrocław: DeAgostini.

[ref-004] Beetham, D. (2013). The Legitimation of Power. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

[ref-005] Beran, H. (1987). The Consent Theory of Political Obligation. London: Routledge.

[ref-006] Błachut, M. (2002). Pojęcie prawa podmiotowego we współczesnej liberalnej filozofii Prawa. Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 1, 35–52.

[ref-007] Brennan, S. (2002). Children’s Choices or Children’s Interests: Which do their Rights Protect?. In D. Archard, C.M. Macleod (eds) The Moral and Political Status of Children, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 53–69.

[ref-008] Buchanan, A. (2003). Justice, Legitimacy, and Self -Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[ref-009] Carter, I. (2011). Respect and the Basis of Equality. Ethics 3, 538–571.

[ref-010] Copp, D. (1999). The Idea of a Legitimate State. Philosophy and Public Affairs 1, 3–45.

[ref-011] Dworkin, R. (2011). Justice for Hedgehogs. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

[ref-012] Dworkin, R. (1986). Law's Empire. London: Fontana Press.

[ref-013] Feinberg, J. (1980). The Nature and Value of Rights. In J. Feinberg, Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 143–158.

[ref-014] Fieser, J. (1992). The Correlativity of Duties and Rights. International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2, 1–7.

[ref-015] Finnis, J.M. (2011). Natural Law and Natural Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[ref-016] Gauss, G. (2000). Political Concepts and Political Theories. Boulder: Westview Press.

[ref-017] Gheaus, A. (2018). Children’s Vulnerability and Legitimate Authority Over Children. Journal of Applied Philosophy S1, 60–75.

[ref-018] Gilbert, M. (1993). Group Membership and Political Obligation. The Monist 1, 119–131.

[ref-019] Gloger, Z. (1903). Szlachta i Szlachectwo. In Encyklopedia staropolska tom IV. Warszawa:

[ref-020] Drukarnia P. Laskauera i W. Babickiego.

[ref-021] Goodin, R. (1985). Protecting the Vulnerable. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

[ref-022] Green, T.H. (1999). Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation. Kitchener: Batoche Books.

[ref-023] Hart, H.L.A. (1955). Are There Any Natural Rights? The Philosophical Review 2, 175–191.

[ref-024] Hart, H.L.A. (1982). Essays on Bentham: Studies in Jurisprudence and Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hohfeld, W.N. Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning. Faculty Scholarship Series 4378.

[ref-025] Horton, J. (2012). Political legitimacy, justice and consent. In E. Ceva, E. Rossi (eds) Justice, Legitimacy, and Diversity: Political Authority Between Realism and Moralism. London: Routledge, 29–48.

[ref-026] Horton, J. (1992). Political Obligation. London: Palgrave.

[ref-027] Johnston, D. (2011). A Brief History of Justice. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

[ref-028] Klosko, G. (2020). Fair Play, Reciprocity, and Natural Duties of Justice. Ratio Juris 4, 335– 350.

[ref-029] Klosko, G. (2005). Political Obligations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[ref-030] Klosko, G. ( 2004). The Principle of Fairness and Political Obligation. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

[ref-031] Kolm, S.C. (2002). Modern Theories of Justice. London: MIT Press.

[ref-032] Kramer, M.H. (2005). Legal and Moral Obligation. In M.P. Golding, W.A. Edmundson (eds), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory. Malden: Blackwell, 179–190.

[ref-033] Kymlicka, W. (2001). Liberal Egalitarianism and Civic Republicanism: Friends or Enemies? In W. Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular. Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Citizenship. New York: Oxford University Press, 327–346.

[ref-034] Locke, J. (1992). Dwa traktaty o rządzie. Warszawa: PWN. Locke, J. On the Poor Law and Working Schools, <http://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/330T/350kPEELockePoorEdTable.pdf> dostęp: 09.08.2018 r.

[ref-035] Lyons, D. (1970). The Correlativity of Rights and Duties. Noûs 1, 45–55.

[ref-036] MacIntyre, A. (2003). Is Patriotism a Virtue? In D. Matravers, J. Pike (eds) Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy. An Anthology. London: Routledge, 286-300.

[ref-037] Majorek, M. (2014). Jednostka, państwo, prawo: teorie politycznego zobowiązania. Kraków: Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

[ref-038] Mau, S., Veghte, B. (2007). Introduction. In S. Mau, B. Veghte (eds) Social Justice, Legitimacy and the Welfare State. Aldershot:Ashgate, 1–17.

[ref-039] Mokrosińska, D. (2012). Rethinking Political Obligation: Moral Principles, Communal Ties, Citizenship. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.

[ref-040] O’Boyle, E. ( 2015). Personalist Economics, Justice, and the Law. In M. Oppenheimer, N. Mercuro (eds), Law and Economics: Alternative Economic Approaches to Legal and Regulatory Issues. New York: Routledge, 230–256.

[ref-041] O'Neill, O. (1988). Children's Rights and Children's Lives. Ethics 3, 445–463.

[ref-042] O'Neill, O. (2009). The Dark Side of Human Rights. In T. Christiano, J. Christman (eds), Contemporary Debates in Political Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell 423–436.

[ref-043] Pettit, P. (1997). Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government. New York: Oxford University Press.

[ref-044] Piechowiak, M. (1999). Filozofia praw człowieka. Prawa człowieka w świetle ichmiędzynarodowej ochrony. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego.

[ref-045] Pitkin, H. (1965) Obligation and Consent – Part One. American Political Science Review 4, 990–999.

[ref-046] Pufendorf, S. (1991). On the Duty of Man and Citizen According to Natural Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[ref-047] Rainbolt, G.W. (2006). Rights Theory. Philosophy Compass 1, 11–21.

[ref-048] Rainbolt, G.W. (2006). The Concept of Rights. Dordrecht: Springer.

[ref-049] Scales, S. (2002). Intergenerational Justice and Care in Parenting. Social Theory and Practice 4, 667–677.

[ref-050] Smith, P. (1998). Liberalism and Affirmative Obligation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[ref-051] Ten Berge, G. (2008). Towards an equilibrium between citizens’ rights and civic duties in relation to government. Utrecht Law Review 2, 219–226.

[ref-052] Thompson, M. (2004). What is It to Wrong Someone? A Puzzle About Justice. In R.J. Wallace, P. Pettit, S. Scheffler, M. Smith (eds) Reason and Value: Themes from the Moral Philosophy of Joseph Raz. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 333–384.

[ref-053] Thomson, J.J. (1990). The Realm of Rights. London: Harvard University Press.

[ref-054] Tuck, R. (1979). Natural Rights Theories: Their Origin and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[ref-055] Waldron, J. (2014). Nonsense Upon Stilts: Bentham, Burke, and Marx on the Rights of Man. London: Routledge.

[ref-056] Walker, A.D.M. (1988). Political Obligation and the Argument from Gratitude. Philosophy and Public Affairs 3, 191–211.

[ref-057] Wallace, R.J. (2007). Reasons, Relations and Commands: Reflections on Darwall. Ethics 1, 24–36.

[ref-058] Weber, M. (1999). Essays in Economic Sociology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

[ref-059] Wellman, C. (1984). The Growth of Children’s Rights. Archiv fur Rechts und Sozialphilosophie 4, 441–453.

[ref-060] Wellman, Ch., Simmons, J. (2005). Is There a Duty to Obey the Law? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[ref-061] West, R. (2010). Rights, Harms, and Duties: a Response to Justice for Hedgehogs. Boston University Law Review 2, 819–837.

[ref-062] Williams, B. (2005). Human Rights and Relativism. In idem, In the Beginning was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument. G. Hawthorn (ed.) Princeton: Princeton University Press, 62-74.

[ref-063] Williams, G. (1968). The Concept of a Legal Liberty. In R.S. Summers (ed.) Essays in Legal Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 121–144.

[ref-064] Woroniecki, J. (1986). Katolicka etyka wychowawcza II/2. Lublin: KUL.

[ref-065] Załuski, W. ( 2015). Solidarity: Its Levels of Operation, Relationship to Justice, and Social Causes. Diametros 43, 96–102.

[ref-066] Zdybicka, Z. (2009). Sprawiedliwość a miłosierdzie w chrześcijaństwie. In P. Jaroszyński, M.A. Krąpiec (eds) Sprawiedliwość – idee a rzeczywistość. Lublin: Fundacja „Lubelska Szkoła Filozofii Chrześcijańskiej”, 123-135

An Analysis of the Distribution of Rights and Duties in Communities in the Face of Complex Compensatory Correlation

Translated abstract

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Abstract

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References

References

Publication information

Andrzej Stoiński

Issue nr 1(38)/2024

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