Interes publiczny a dostęp do prawa. Analiza liminalna

Jan Winczorek

doi:10.36280/afpifs.2020.3.24

Research article

Interes publiczny a dostęp do prawa. Analiza liminalna

Jan Winczorek

Public Interest and Access to Justice: A Liminal Analysis

Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, nr 3(24)/2020, s. 24-40

DOI 10.36280/afpifs.2020.3.24 ↗

Numer: nr 3(24)/2020
Strony: 24-40
Opublikowano: 2020
Język tekstu: polski

polski

Abstrakt

Artykuł stawia tezę że między dostępem do prawa i interesem publicznym istnieje sprzeczność. Twierdzenie to uzasadnia przeprowadzając przegląd wybranych argumentów na rzecz dostępu do prawa I odnosząc się do danych empirycznych. Następnie interpretuje sprzeczność przy użyciu socjologicznej teorii prawa, pozwalającej na wskazanie strukturalnych przyczyn tej sprzeczności. Aby pogodzić dostęp do prawa z interesem publicznym, system prawny musi wytworzyć semantykę pozwalającą na lepsze pojmowanie warunków inkluzji społecznej. W szczególności, system prawny powinien w końcu odrzucić przednowoczesną koncepcję dostępu do prawa, zorientowaną na dobroczynność, być w stanie odnieść się do dostępu do prawa jako całości I podejmować kwestię warunków inkluzji prawnej. Jeśli to się nie stanie, konflikt między obydwiema wartościami będzie się reprodukował. Ujęcie dostępu do prawa zaproponowane przez Cappellettiego et al w latach 70 XX wieku jest dobrym punktem wyjścia, ale jest dalece niewystarczające…

Słowa kluczowe

wolności i prawa człowieka i obywatela
wolność zgromadzeń

angielski

Abstract

The paper argues that there exists a contradiction between access to justice and public interest. It substantiates this claim by reviewing selected arguments for access to justice and by referring to empirical evidence. The contradiction is then interpreted using a sociological theory of law, which enables establishing the structural reasons for such a clash. In order to reconcile access to justice with the public interest, the legal system must develop the semantics allowing for a better understanding of social inclusion conditions. In particular, the legal system must finally do away with pre-modern charity-oriented concept of access to justice, be able to grasp access to justice in its totality and reflect on conditions of legal inclusion. If it fails to do that, it is doomed to reproduce the conflict. The concept of access to justice developed by Cappelletti and others in the 1970s is a good point of departure here, but it is by far insufficient.

Keywords

access to justice
public interest
systems theory

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Bibliografia

43 pozycji bibliograficznych

Literatura

Abrego, L.J. (2011). Legal Consciousness of Undocumented Latinos: Fear and Stigma as Barriers to Claims-Making for Firstand 1.5-Generation Immigrants. Law & Society Review 45/2, 337–371.
Albers, P. (2008). Improvements of Judicial Systems: European Experiences. International Journal for Court Administration 1/1: 45–57.
Banik, D. (2009). Legal empowerment as a conceptual and operational tool in poverty eradication. Hague Journal of the Rule of Law 1/1, 117–131.
Bankowski, Z, Mungham, G. (1976). Images of Law. London: Routledge.
Bevan, C. (2013). Self-represented litigants: the overlooked and unintended consequence of legal aid reform. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 35/1, 43–54.
Bevan, G. (1996). Has there been supplier-induced-demand for legal aid. Civil Justice Quarterly 15, 98– 114.
Bora, A. (2010). Technoscientific Normativity and the ‘‘Iron Cage’’ of Law. Science, Technology, & Human Values 35/1, 3–28.
Cappeletti, M., Garth, B. (1978). Access to justice: A world survey. Milan-Alphen aan den Rijn: Giuffre Editore & Sijthoff and Noordhoff.
Cappelletti, M.. (1975). The Emergence of a modern theme. In J. Gordley, E. Johnson, M. Cappeletti (Eds.), Toward Equal Justice: A Comparative Study of Legal Aid in Modern Societies. Milan: Giuffre.
Dias, J.P., Gomes, C. (2018). Judicial Reforms under Pressure: The New Map/Organisat ion of the Portuguese Judicial System. Utrecht Law Review 14/1, 82–186.
Galanter, M. (1974). Why the Haves Come out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Chang e. Law & Society Review 9/1, 95–160.
Genn, H. (2012). What is Civil Justice for - Reform, ADR, and Access to Justice. Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities 24/1, 397–418.
Genn, H. (2019). When Law is Good for Your Health: Mitigating the Social Determinants of Health through Access to Justice. Current Legal Problems 72/1, 159–202.
Glas, L.R. (2017). Translating the Convention's Fairness Standards to the European Court of Human Right: An Exploration with a Case Study on Legal Aid and the Right to a Reasoned Judgment. European Journal of Legal Studies 10/2, 47–82.
Gramatikov, M., Barendrecht, M., Laxminarayan, M., Verdonschot, J.H., Klaming L., Zeeland, C. van (2010). A Handbook for Measuring the Costs and Quality of Access to Justice. Antwerpen: Maklu.
Griffiths, J. (1986). What is Legal Pluralism? Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 24, 1–56.
Hantke-Domas, M. (2003). The Public In terest Theory of Regulation: Non -Existence or Misinterpretation? European Journal of Law and Economics 15, 165–194.
Holvast, N.L., Doornbos, N. (2015). Exit, Voice, and Loyalty within the Judiciary: Judges' Response to New Managerialism in the Netherlands. Utrecht Law Review 11/2, 49–63.
Hubeau, B. (2015). The legacy and current relevance of Cappelletti and the Florence project on access to justice. Recht der Werkelijkheid 36/3, 6–30.
Huls, N. (1994). From Pro Deo Practice to a Subsidized Welfare State Provision: Twenty-Five Years of Providing Legal Services to the Poor in the Netherlands. Maryland Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 5/2, 333–348.
Kimble, J. (2012). Writing for Dollars, Writing to Please: The Case for Plain Language in Business, Government, and Law. Durham: Carolina Academic Press.
Kirwan, S. (2017). Law and the 'Stbx': Online Fora and the 'Delegalised Space' of Family Law. Oñati Socio-Legal Series 7/7, 1421–1444.
Kritzer, H.M. (2001). Lawyer Fees and Lawyer Behavior in Litigation: What Does the Empirical Literature Really Say. Texas Law Review 80/7, 1943–1984.
Kritzer, H.M., Silbey, S.S. (Eds.). (2003). In Litigation: Do the Haves Still Come out Ahead? Stanford: Stanford Law and Politics.
Kubal, A. (2019). Immigration and Refugee Law in Russia. Socio -Legal Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Luhmann, N. (1996). Die Realität der Massenmedien. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
Luhmann, N. (1997). Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Moorhead, R., Cape, E. (2005). Demand Induced Supply? Identifying Cost Drivers in Criminal Defence Work A Report to the Legal Services Commission. London: Legal Services Research Centre.
Nelken, D., Paterson, A. (1984). The Evolution of Legal Services in Britain: Pragmatic Welfarism or Demand Creation. Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 4, 98–120.
Ortoleva, S. (2010). Inaccessible Justice: Human Rights, Persons with Disabilities and the Legal System. ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law 17/2, 281–320.
Parsons, T. (1964). Essays in Sociological Theory. London: Free Press.
Pettignano, R., Bliss, L.R., Caley, S.B., McLaren, S. (2013). Can access to a medical-legal partnership benefit patients with asthma who live in an urban community? Journal of Health Care For the Poor and Underserved 24/2, 706–717.
Pleasence, P., Balmer, N.J., Sandefur, R.L. (2016). Apples and Oranges: An International Comparison of the Public's Experience of Justiciable Problems and the Methodological Issues Affecting Comparative Study. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 13/1, 50–93.
Richardson, K., Speed, A. (2018). Restrictions on Legal Aid in Family Law Cases in England and Wales: Creating a Necessary Barrier to Public Funding or Simply Increasing the Burden on the Family Courts? Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 41/12, 1–18.
Savigny, F.C. von. (1814). Vom Beruf unsrer Zeit für Ges etzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft. Heidelberg: Mohr und Zimmer.
Sommerlad, H. (1999). The Implemetation of Quality Initiatives and the New Public Management in the Legal Aid Sector in England and Wales: Bureaucratisation, Stratification and Surveillance. International Journal of the Legal Profession 6/3, 311–344.
Sójka-Zielińska, K. (2009). Wielkie kodyfikacje cywilne. Historia i współczesność. Warszawa: Liber.
Tata, C. (2007). In the Interests of Clients or Commerce: Legal Aid, Supply, Demand, and Ethical Indeterminacy in Criminal Defence Work. Journal of Law and Society 34/4, 489–519.
Trebilcock, M., Duggan, A., Sossin, L. (2012). Introduction. In M. Trebilcock, A. Duggan, L. Sossin (Eds.), Middle Income Access to Justice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Turfler, S. (2015). Language Ideology and the Plain -Language Movement: How Straight-Talkers Sell Linguistic Myths. Legal Communications and Rhetoric: JALWD 12, 195–218.
Winczorek, J. (2019). Dostęp do prawa. Ujęcie socjologiczne. Warszawa: Scholar.
Winczorek, J., Muszyński, K. (2019). Access to justice in small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. An empirical report. Warszawa: University of Warsaw.
Wong, S., Cain, R. (2019). The impact of cuts in legal aid funding of private family law cases. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 41/1, 1–12.

Informacje o publikacji

Autor i afiliacja

Jan Winczorek

University of Warsaw

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-7352

Dane wydania

Numer nr 3(24)/2020

Strony: 24-40
Opublikowano: 2020
DOI: 10.36280/afpifs.2020.3.24
PDF: Pełny tekst PDF

DostępOpen LicencjaCC BY 4.0 ↗

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J. Winczorek, Interes publiczny a dostęp do prawa. Analiza liminalna, „Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej” nr 3(24)/2020, s. 24–40, DOI: 10.36280/afpifs.2020.3.24

Eksportuj dane cytowania

[ref-001] Abrego, L.J. (2011). Legal Consciousness of Undocumented Latinos: Fear and Stigma as Barriers to Claims-Making for Firstand 1.5-Generation Immigrants. Law & Society Review 45/2, 337–371.

[ref-002] Albers, P. (2008). Improvements of Judicial Systems: European Experiences. International Journal for Court Administration 1/1: 45–57.

[ref-003] Banik, D. (2009). Legal empowerment as a conceptual and operational tool in poverty eradication. Hague Journal of the Rule of Law 1/1, 117–131.

[ref-004] Bankowski, Z, Mungham, G. (1976). Images of Law. London: Routledge.

[ref-005] Bevan, C. (2013). Self-represented litigants: the overlooked and unintended consequence of legal aid reform. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 35/1, 43–54.

[ref-006] Bevan, G. (1996). Has there been supplier-induced-demand for legal aid. Civil Justice Quarterly 15, 98– 114.

[ref-007] Bora, A. (2010). Technoscientific Normativity and the ‘‘Iron Cage’’ of Law. Science, Technology, & Human Values 35/1, 3–28.

[ref-008] Cappeletti, M., Garth, B. (1978). Access to justice: A world survey. Milan-Alphen aan den Rijn: Giuffre Editore & Sijthoff and Noordhoff.

[ref-009] Cappelletti, M.. (1975). The Emergence of a modern theme. In J. Gordley, E. Johnson, M. Cappeletti (Eds.), Toward Equal Justice: A Comparative Study of Legal Aid in Modern Societies. Milan: Giuffre.

[ref-010] Dias, J.P., Gomes, C. (2018). Judicial Reforms under Pressure: The New Map/Organisat ion of the Portuguese Judicial System. Utrecht Law Review 14/1, 82–186.

[ref-011] Galanter, M. (1974). Why the Haves Come out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Chang e. Law & Society Review 9/1, 95–160.

[ref-012] Genn, H. (2012). What is Civil Justice for - Reform, ADR, and Access to Justice. Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities 24/1, 397–418.

[ref-013] Genn, H. (2019). When Law is Good for Your Health: Mitigating the Social Determinants of Health through Access to Justice. Current Legal Problems 72/1, 159–202.

[ref-014] Glas, L.R. (2017). Translating the Convention's Fairness Standards to the European Court of Human Right: An Exploration with a Case Study on Legal Aid and the Right to a Reasoned Judgment. European Journal of Legal Studies 10/2, 47–82.

[ref-015] Gramatikov, M., Barendrecht, M., Laxminarayan, M., Verdonschot, J.H., Klaming L., Zeeland, C. van (2010). A Handbook for Measuring the Costs and Quality of Access to Justice. Antwerpen: Maklu.

[ref-016] Griffiths, J. (1986). What is Legal Pluralism? Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 24, 1–56.

[ref-017] Hantke-Domas, M. (2003). The Public In terest Theory of Regulation: Non -Existence or Misinterpretation? European Journal of Law and Economics 15, 165–194.

[ref-018] Holvast, N.L., Doornbos, N. (2015). Exit, Voice, and Loyalty within the Judiciary: Judges' Response to New Managerialism in the Netherlands. Utrecht Law Review 11/2, 49–63.

[ref-019] Hubeau, B. (2015). The legacy and current relevance of Cappelletti and the Florence project on access to justice. Recht der Werkelijkheid 36/3, 6–30.

[ref-020] Huls, N. (1994). From Pro Deo Practice to a Subsidized Welfare State Provision: Twenty-Five Years of Providing Legal Services to the Poor in the Netherlands. Maryland Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 5/2, 333–348.

[ref-021] Kimble, J. (2012). Writing for Dollars, Writing to Please: The Case for Plain Language in Business, Government, and Law. Durham: Carolina Academic Press.

[ref-022] Kirwan, S. (2017). Law and the 'Stbx': Online Fora and the 'Delegalised Space' of Family Law. Oñati Socio-Legal Series 7/7, 1421–1444.

[ref-023] Kritzer, H.M. (2001). Lawyer Fees and Lawyer Behavior in Litigation: What Does the Empirical Literature Really Say. Texas Law Review 80/7, 1943–1984.

[ref-024] Kritzer, H.M., Silbey, S.S. (Eds.). (2003). In Litigation: Do the Haves Still Come out Ahead? Stanford: Stanford Law and Politics.

[ref-025] Kubal, A. (2019). Immigration and Refugee Law in Russia. Socio -Legal Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[ref-026] Luhmann, N. (1996). Die Realität der Massenmedien. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.

[ref-027] Luhmann, N. (1997). Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

[ref-028] Moorhead, R., Cape, E. (2005). Demand Induced Supply? Identifying Cost Drivers in Criminal Defence Work A Report to the Legal Services Commission. London: Legal Services Research Centre.

[ref-029] Nelken, D., Paterson, A. (1984). The Evolution of Legal Services in Britain: Pragmatic Welfarism or Demand Creation. Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 4, 98–120.

[ref-030] Ortoleva, S. (2010). Inaccessible Justice: Human Rights, Persons with Disabilities and the Legal System. ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law 17/2, 281–320.

[ref-031] Parsons, T. (1964). Essays in Sociological Theory. London: Free Press.

[ref-032] Pettignano, R., Bliss, L.R., Caley, S.B., McLaren, S. (2013). Can access to a medical-legal partnership benefit patients with asthma who live in an urban community? Journal of Health Care For the Poor and Underserved 24/2, 706–717.

[ref-033] Pleasence, P., Balmer, N.J., Sandefur, R.L. (2016). Apples and Oranges: An International Comparison of the Public's Experience of Justiciable Problems and the Methodological Issues Affecting Comparative Study. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 13/1, 50–93.

[ref-034] Richardson, K., Speed, A. (2018). Restrictions on Legal Aid in Family Law Cases in England and Wales: Creating a Necessary Barrier to Public Funding or Simply Increasing the Burden on the Family Courts? Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 41/12, 1–18.

[ref-035] Savigny, F.C. von. (1814). Vom Beruf unsrer Zeit für Ges etzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft. Heidelberg: Mohr und Zimmer.

[ref-036] Sommerlad, H. (1999). The Implemetation of Quality Initiatives and the New Public Management in the Legal Aid Sector in England and Wales: Bureaucratisation, Stratification and Surveillance. International Journal of the Legal Profession 6/3, 311–344.

[ref-037] Sójka-Zielińska, K. (2009). Wielkie kodyfikacje cywilne. Historia i współczesność. Warszawa: Liber.

[ref-038] Tata, C. (2007). In the Interests of Clients or Commerce: Legal Aid, Supply, Demand, and Ethical Indeterminacy in Criminal Defence Work. Journal of Law and Society 34/4, 489–519.

[ref-039] Trebilcock, M., Duggan, A., Sossin, L. (2012). Introduction. In M. Trebilcock, A. Duggan, L. Sossin (Eds.), Middle Income Access to Justice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

[ref-040] Turfler, S. (2015). Language Ideology and the Plain -Language Movement: How Straight-Talkers Sell Linguistic Myths. Legal Communications and Rhetoric: JALWD 12, 195–218.

[ref-041] Winczorek, J. (2019). Dostęp do prawa. Ujęcie socjologiczne. Warszawa: Scholar.

[ref-042] Winczorek, J., Muszyński, K. (2019). Access to justice in small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. An empirical report. Warszawa: University of Warsaw.

[ref-043] Wong, S., Cain, R. (2019). The impact of cuts in legal aid funding of private family law cases. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 41/1, 1–12.

Interes publiczny a dostęp do prawa. Analiza liminalna

Abstrakt

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Abstract

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Bibliografia

Literatura

Informacje o publikacji

Jan Winczorek

Numer nr 3(24)/2020

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