Research article
Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer
Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, nr 4(45)/2025, s. 46-57
Polish
Translated abstract
Kwestia wolności słowa to coś więcej niż tylko możliwość wyrażania swoich poglądów. Obejmuje ona również szerszy kontekst, w jakim takie wypowiedzi się pojawiają. Niemniej jednak dyskusje prawne często skupiają się wyłącznie na granicach tego, co można, a czego nie można powiedzieć. Dyskusje te często pozostają ograniczone do binarnego schematu: ograniczenia kontra ochrona, głównie poprzez instrumenty prawne, i rzadko wykraczają poza tę wąską perspektywę. Zgodnie z poglądem Schauera, podejście prawne ma tendencję do klasyfikowania i wydawania ostatecznych osądów „z samej swojej natury”. Jednak, jak sam Schauer podkreśla, nie oznacza to, że wolność wypowiedzi i/lub wolność akademicka są cenne wyłącznie same w sobie. Ramy Schauera oferują zatem sposób na wyjście poza granice ściśle legalistycznych debat. Dostarcza on nie tylko podstaw prawnych, ale także filozoficznych do zbadania, w jaki sposób wypowiedź jest ograniczana lub chroniona. Niniejszy artykuł nie stanowi próby zgłębienia całości argumentów Schauera dotyczących wolności wypowiedzi. Skupia się natomiast na ocenie podejścia tureckiego sądownictwa administracyjnego do akademickiej wolności wypowiedzi, szczególnie przez pryzmat napięcia między ograniczeniami a ochroną. Głównym pytaniem, na które odpowiada, jest: Jakie są dynamiki ochronne i ograniczające kształtujące akademicką wolność wypowiedzi w tureckim orzecznictwie administracyjnym, zwłaszcza w kontekście Akademików dla Pokoju (Academics for Peace)? Opierając się na analizie Schauera dotyczącej instrumentalnej funkcji wypowiedzi i instytucjonalnych ograniczeń wolności akademickiej, artykuł dowodzi, że sedno problemu leży nie tylko w sądownictwie, ale także w ograniczeniach strukturalnych, takich jak uniwersytety i hierarchie akademickie, które mogą sprzyjać autocenzurze. [tłumaczenie – Redakcja]
Translated keywords
- wolność słowa
- wolność akademicka
- Frederick Schauer
- tureckie sądownictwo administracyjne
- Academics for Peace
- autocenzura
English
Abstract
The question of freedom of expression involves more than just the ability to voice an idea; it also encompasses the broader context in which such expression emerges. Nevertheless, in legal discussions the focus is often narrowed to the boundaries of what may or may not be said. These discussions frequently remain confined within a binary framework of restriction versus protection, primarily through legal instruments, and seldom move beyond this limited perspective. In line with Schauer’s view, the legal approach tends to classify and reach definitive judgments “by its very nature”. Yet, as Schauer himself underlines, this does not mean that freedom of expression and/or academic freedom is valuable solely for its own sake. Schauer’s framework, therefore, offers a way to move past the confines of strictly legalistic debates. He provides not only a legal but also a philosophical basis for examining how expression is either restricted or protected. This article does not attempt to explore the entirety of Schauer’s arguments on freedom of expression. Instead, it concentrates on evaluating how the Turkish administrative judiciary approaches academic freedom of expression, particularly from the point of view of the tension between restriction and protection. The central question it addresses is: What are the protective and restraining dynamics shaping academic freedom of expression in the case law of Turkish administrative courts, especially in the context of the Academics for Peace? Drawing on Schauer’s analysis of the instrumental function of expression and the institutional limits placed on academic freedom, the article argues that the core issue lies not only within the judiciary but also in structural constraints, such as universities and academic hierarchies, that may foster self-censorship.
Keywords
- freedom of expression
- academic freedom
- Frederick Schauer
- Turkish administrative judiciary
- Academics for Peace
- self-censorship
References
13 reference entries
References
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Publication information
Issue data
Issue nr 4(45)/2025
- Pages
- 46-57
- Published
How to cite
Bibliographic description and verified export formats.
Format AFPiFS
M. Koçakgöl, O. Karacan, Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer, „Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej” nr 4(45)/2025, s. 46–57, DOI: 10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46
ACM
[1] Muhammet Koçakgöl and Olcay Karacan. 2025. Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer. AFPiFS 4(45) (2025), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46
ACS
(1) Koçakgöl, M.; Karacan, O. Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer. AFPiFS 2025, No. 4(45), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46.
APA
Koçakgöl, M., & Karacan, O. (2025). Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer. Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, 4(45), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46
ABNT
KOÇAKGÖL, Muhammet; KARACAN, Olcay. Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer. Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, n. 4(45), p. 46–57, 2025.
Chicago
Koçakgöl, Muhammet, and Olcay Karacan. “Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer.” Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, no. 4(45) (2025): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46.
Harvard
Koçakgöl, M. and Karacan, O. (2025) “Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer,” Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, 4(45), pp. 46–57. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46.
IEEE
[1] M. Koçakgöl and O. Karacan, “Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer,” AFPiFS, no. 4(45), pp. 46–57, 2025, doi: 10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46.
MLA
Koçakgöl, Muhammet, and Olcay Karacan. “Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer.” Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, no. 4(45), 2025, pp. 46–57, https://doi.org/10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46.
Turabian
Koçakgöl, Muhammet, and Olcay Karacan. “Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer.” Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, no. 4(45) (2025): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46.
Vancouver
1. Koçakgöl M, Karacan O. Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer. AFPiFS. 2025;4(45):46–57. doi:10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46
OSCOLA
Muhammet Koçakgöl and Olcay Karacan, ‘Between Protection and Restriction: Academic Freedom in the Case Law of Turkish Administrative Courts Through the Lens of Frederick Schauer’ (2025) 4(45) AFPiFS 46 <https://doi.org/10.36280/afpifs.2025.4.46>.