Czesław Znamierowski (1888–1967) – Polish philosopher and legal theorist, creator of the theory of constructive norms and thetic acts. He was the first to describe the mechanism of conventional acts – actions that acquire their sense only through the rules that constitute them. That insight became the foundation of an entire current of research in Polish legal theory.
Texts in the „Archive”
Identification of Conventional Acts in Law as a Process of Recognizing Their Sense: An Introduction
Karolina Gmerek · Issue 3(28)/2021
How do we recognise that a given behaviour is a conventional act – an introduction to the problems growing out of Znamierowski’s findings.
Identification of Procedural Acts Performed at the Trial
Karolina Gmerek · Issue 1(22)/2020
An application of the apparatus of conventional acts to the analysis of what takes place in the courtroom.
Reconstructing Constitutive Rules from Legislative Acts: The Example of Pardon
Karolina Gmerek · Issue 1(46)/2026
How to reconstruct from statutory provisions the constitutive rule that establishes a legal conventional act.
See also the Conventionalism and Constitutive Rules collection.