Archiwum Filozofii Prawai Filozofii Społecznej

Journal of the Polish Section of IVR (ISSN:2082-3304)

IVRwww.ivr.org.pl

On the Analytical Importance of the National Interest in Theoretical Exploration of the European Integration Process

Dr Franciszek Strzyczkowski

Uniwersytet Łódzki


Abstrakt w języku angielskim: This article seeks to elaborate the theoretical discourse on different, competing explanations of the European integration, invoking the notion of the national interest that plays an essential role in the process. Despite increasing integration, the European interest remains quite different from the sum of the national interests of all Member States, and different theories, by presenting explanations of the integration process, raise or diminish its importance. The major premise of the intergovernmental theory is that the integration progress can be analyzed as an intergovernmental regime designed to coordinate the economic and political interdependence negotiated through bargaining. This implies that Member States’ behavior reflects actions taken by their governments based on rational choice, limited only by the domestic social demands and external strategic international environment. According to intergovernmentalism this process, within which states’ preferences are shaped, is in fact the process of national interest formation. In contrast, a second school of thought on integration, affiliated with supranationalism, has a more normative ambition, providing not only a description of the role of the national interest, but also bringing the ideas of its limitation, proposing changes on the mode of European governance aimed at shaping Europe in a more republican manner. Despite the dominant position of the national agents at almost every level of the European governance, for the supranational approaches, due to the multi-level structure of the European Union, controversy between national interest and European common good is rarely invoked. The assumption that one theoretical understanding and the assessment of the level of influence of the national interest as applied to the European integration can have profound legal and political implications, leads us to the conclusion that depicting the five most prominent attempts at capturing it theoretically remains essential for further analysis of the European structure and European legal order. Paradoxically, an unstable economic situation and its overreaching and predominant negative influence on all the Member States, might catalyze a redefinition of Europe and reinvigorate the discourse on both European common good and national interests.

Język artykułu: angielski

Opublikowano: Numer 2(13)/2016, s. 59-75.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36280/AFPiFS.2016.2.59

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Liczba ściągnięć: 614

 

Philosophical Roots of the Dialogical Concept of Law

Dr Anna Rossmanith

Uniwersytet Warszawski


Abstrakt w języku angielskim: The main task which I pose for myself is to indicate the philosophical roots of the dialogical concept of law. First and foremost, I would like to present dialogue in the context of ancient Greek philosophy and in the context of the classicists of the philosophy of dialogue. Furthermore, I seek phenomenological bases for constructing the dialogical concept of law. The phenomenological method, starting with its classical Husserlian form, has undergone many changes. Thanks to the indication of new horizons of phenomenology by Emmanuel Levinas, discovering dialogical consciousness and the subject constituted in being with the Other are possible. The reference point of reflections on the concept of law is the relationship with the Other as an ethical relationship. Philosophy of dialogue is a certain possible prism of thinking about the social, public, and institutional space. It is thinking through the prism of dialogue (speaking), but also through the third who contributes discourse relevant to what is said. Law as the third, as the mediating element, is a co-constituting element of the entire legal world.

Język artykułu: angielski

Opublikowano: Numer 2(13)/2016, s. 51-58.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36280/AFPiFS.2016.2.51

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Liczba ściągnięć: 663

 

Punishing (Non-)Citizens

Dr Michał Peno

Uniwersytet Szczeciński


Abstrakt w języku angielskim: If sociologists are to be trusted, reflexivity, focused on itself and devoid of any religious or at least ideological framework, leads to the weakening of control mechanisms. Such changes are accompanied by the polarization of social classes and by the exclusion of the so-called underclass (which certainly includes a vast majority of criminals) from the civil society. In the doctrine of criminal law of “mature modernism”, within the framework of a liberal-democratic state, the civil society, together with the idea of communication, is supposed to constitute a central reference point in the research on criminal liability. Reflexivity brings up new problems. New citizen-oriented criminal law is being shaped, based upon mediation and communication (e.g. restorative justice, Expressive Theory). The civil society does not include the area of politics or political nature of things, where the problem is not the justification of the punishment but the effectiveness of mere spatial isolation. In this sense, it is difficult to talk about the merits of the emancipation of an individual from the limitations imposed by the society. The weakening of any external authority and of political duties owed to the state is replaced by self-control proper to reflexive modernity only in cases where the individuals have adequate intellectual and ethical predispositions. Disappearance of the influence of external rules and values together with the mechanism of exclusion from the civil society results in the weakening of self-control and in selfish care only about one’s own perspective (but also in repressive subordination by the state). Such a state of affairs creates favourable conditions for objectifying criminal liability, abandoning the concept of guilt, and for attempts to provide an ethical justification of penalty – which are concepts taken from the “world of citizens”.

Język artykułu: angielski

Opublikowano: Numer 2(13)/2016, s. 28-38.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36280/AFPiFS.2016.2.28

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Liczba ściągnięć: 606

 

A Note on Legal Education, Its Specific Features and Related Myths

Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata Król

Uniwersytet Łódzki


Abstrakt w języku angielskim: The question of legal education is recognised as important along various dimensions and thus has been in the focus of attention of numerous distinguished legal scholars and practitioners all over the world. The problem of legal education includes not just methodological issues, but also the issues that are par excellence philosophical in nature. Legal education has a specificity that arises from the nature of law and its complexity, and is related to the personal dimension of this education. The process of education should be organised in such a way that students should be in contact with members of the legal community whose authority, moral and subject matter-related attributes play a vital, formative role in legal education. The author tries to confront the didactics-related reality with ideals and postulates present within this field. Yet, it is revealed that such a reality is hidden below a “thick layer” of myths, which have grown around legal education. These myths blur the real picture of lawyers’ education, creating a kind of legal education mythology. Two types of systemic legal myths are indicated. The first one is built on the paradigm of university legal education. The other type is based on the paradigm of university studies.

Język artykułu: angielski

Opublikowano: Numer 2(13)/2016, s. 14-27.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36280/AFPiFS.2016.2.14

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Liczba ściągnięć: 612

 

Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s Account of Analogy Applied to Law: the Proportional Model of Analogical Legal Reasoning

Dr Maciej Koszowski

Akademia im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie


Abstrakt w języku angielskim: In this paper, the author has undertaken an attempt to adjust Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s conception of analogy to the province of law. He thus sketches out a pertinent scheme of legal analogy based upon the similarity of proportions and indulges in a consideration of the merits and demerits of such a proposition. To this aim, as the proportions that are compared in such an account of analogy, the relations between the facts of the cases and their legal outcomes were chosen: one such outcome already known and one tentatively posited. Finally, however, the author’s analyses lead to the conclusion that despite its considerable theoretical attractiveness and some mystical charm, legal analogy consisting of the comparison of two proportions is either quite similar to orthodox approaches to analogical reasoning in law or too obscure for one to employ it credibly in the legal setting. In consequence, until its proponents have elucidated the workings of proportional analogy in more detail, the potential use of such a form of analogy in the province of law does not seem promising and cannot be recommended.

Język artykułu: angielski

Opublikowano: Numer 2(13)/2016, s. 5-13.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36280/AFPiFS.2016.2.5

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Liczba ściągnięć: 1 696

 

Filozofia prawa międzynarodowego Ronalda Dworkina

Dr Tomasz Widłak

Uniwersytet Gdański


Abstrakt: Ronald Dworkin nie poświęcał uwagi fundamentalnym filozoficznym pytaniom dotyczącym specyfiki prawa międzynarodowego. Zmieniło się to pod koniec jego życia, gdy napisał artykuł zatytułowany „Nowa filozofia prawa międzynarodowego”, opublikowany już po jego śmierci. Celem niniejszego tekstu jest rekonstrukcja zasadniczych tez charakterystycznych dla podejścia Dworkina, odniesienie się do krytyków jego propozycji oraz umiejscowienie tej debaty w kontekście nurtu konstytucjonalizmu globalnego. W pierwszej części artykułu, autor rekonstruuje trzy tezy nowej filozofii prawa międzynarodowego Dworkina. Zgodnie z pierwszą z nich, prawo międzynarodowe wymaga pojmowania interpretywistycznego i ugruntowania w moralności politycznej społeczności międzynarodowej (wspólnoty międzynarodowej). Drugą tezę amerykańskiego uczonego można sformułować następująco: legitymizacja polityczna władzy na poziomach narodowym i międzynarodowym jest jednolita. Trzecią tezą Dworkina jest postulat wdrożenia w prawie międzynarodowym zasady istotności (principle of salience) jako podstawowej zasady strukturalnej. Po krytycznym omówieniu teorii Dworkina, w drugiej części artykułu zaproponowana zostanie konstytucyjna interpretacja nowej filozofii prawa międzynarodowego. Aby teoria mogła kwalifikować się jako podejście konstytucyjne, musi spełnić dwa warunki konstytucjonalizmu globalnego. Pierwszym z nich jest prymat praw podmiotowych, drugim zaś prymat norm konstytucyjnych w ramach systemu prawnego. Konkluzją artykułu jest teza, że nowa filozofia prawa międzynarodowego Ronalda Dworkina spełnia te warunki, zaś zasada istotności stanowi de facto fundamentalną zasadę konstytucyjną opartą na uzasadnieniu moralnym. Propozycja przedstawiona przez Dworkina stanowi jedynie ogólny zarys jego teorii prawa międzynarodowego i może być w przyszłości rozwijana. Bez względu na polityczne uwarunkowania, prawnicy i filozofowie mają co najmniej intelektualne zobowiązanie tworzenia nowych modeli teoretycznych dla prawa międzynarodowego.

Słowa kluczowe: Ronald Dworkin, prawo międzynarodowe, społeczność międzynarodowa, zasada istotności, konstytucjonalizm globalny, konstytucjonalizacja prawa międzynarodowego, filozofia prawa międzynarodowego, prawo globalne

Język artykułu: polski

Opublikowano: Numer 1(12)/2016, s. 64-77.

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Liczba ściągnięć: 530

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